An ethical basis for conserving
biological diversity
Jeffrey
McNeely
- The world is an interdependent whole made up of
natural and human communities. The well-being and health
of any one part depends upon the well-being and health of
the other parts.
- Humanity is part of nature, and humans are subject to
the same immutable ecological laws as all other species
on the planet. All life depends on the uninterrupted
functioning of natural systems that ensure the supply of
energy and nutrients, so ecological responsibility among
all people is necessary for the survival, security,
equity, and dignity of the world's communities. Human
culture must be built upon a profound respect for nature,
a sense of being at one with nature and a recognition
that human affairs must proceed in harmony and balance
with nature.
- The ecological limits within which we must work are
not limits to human endeavour: instead, they give
direction and guidance as to how human affairs can
sustain environmental stability and diversity.
- All species have an inherent right to exist. The
ecological processes that support the integrity of the
biosphere and its diverse species, landscapes, and
habitats are to be maintained. Similarly, the full range
of human culture adaptations to local environments is to
be enabled to prosper.
- Sustainability is the basic principle of all social
and economic development. Personal and social values
should be chosen to accentuate the richness of flora,
fauna, and human experience. This moral foundation will
enable the many utilitarian values of nature&emdash;for
food, health, science. technology, industry, and
recreation&emdash;to be equitably distributed and
sustained for future generations.
- The well-being of future generations is a social
responsibility of the present generation. Therefore, the
present generation should limit its consumption of
nonrenewable resources to the level that is necessary to
meet the basic needs of society, and ensure that
renewable resources are nurtured for their sustainable
productivity.
- All persons must be empowered to exercise
responsibility for their own lives and for the life of
the earth. They must therefore have full access to
educational opportunities, political enfranchisement, and
sustaining livelihoods.
- Diversity in ethical and cultural outlooks toward
nature and human life is to be encouraged by promoting
relationships that respect and enhance the diversity of
life. irrespective of the political, economic. or
religious ideology dominant in a society.
Source: Jeffrey McNeely et al., Conserving the World's
Biological Diversity, IUCN, WRI, CI, WWF and the World
Bank, Switzerland and Washington, DC., 1990, p. 26.
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