Environment in Crisis

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Toxic Chemicals—Uncertainties

 

Extrapolating from Animal Studies
Dependence on Industry Studies
Lack of Resources for Testing
Threshold for Effects
Problems Linking Cause and Effect



Additional References:

Animal Testing

Rory Sullivan and Amandar Hunt, Risk assessment: the myth of scientific objectivity, Environmental and Planning Law Journal, v16 i6, Dec 1999, p. 522.

Tests on trial. (cancer research using animals) The Economist (US), v320 n7725 Sept 21, 1991, pp. 103-4.

Dependence on Industry Studies

Russell Mokhiber, Toxic deception. (chemical industry's deception about dangers of chemicals), Multinational Monitor, v18 n3 March 1997, p. 7.

Barry Castleman and Richard Lemen, Corporate junk science: corporate influence at international science organizations. Multinational Monitor, v19 n1-2 Jan-Feb 1998 , pp. 28-30.

Lack of Resources for Testing

Mel Cooke, Chemical hazard -- the missing truth. (testing for toxicity of chemicals).Chemistry and Industry, Sept 18, 2000, p.605.

Dian Turnheim, Evaluating chemical risks. (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries jointly investigate risks posed by chemicals), OECD Observer, n189 August-Sept 1994, pp. 12-15.

Problems Linking Cause and Effect

Ray Cartwright, Cluster investigations: are they worth it? The odds are against finding a cause, but we must address community concerns, Medical Journal of Australia 171, 1999, p. 172.

Looking for a chemical link. (Immunotoxicity), Chemistry & Industry, n11, June 3, 1991, p. 372.

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© 2003 Sharon Beder