Business-Managed Democracy

• Introduction

• National Government

• International Coercion

• Privatisation

• The Trade Agenda

• Trade in Services
• GATS
  • Implications
  • Telmex Ruling
  • Offers and Requests
• Early Business Lobbies
  • American Express
  • CSI
• Financial Services
  • Gaining Support
  • Business Lobbying
  • Ongoing Goals
• Business Coalitions
  • British Invisibles/ LOTIS
  • Financial Leaders Group
  • European Services
  • Global Services Network
  • Lobbying Networks
• Business Strategies
  • Targeted Services
  • Front Nations
  • Encouraging Offers
  • Touting Benefits
  • Access
• References


 

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Business-Managed Government

Early Business Lobbies

The role of multinational corporations in incorporating services into the free trade agenda is undisputed. David Hartridge, Director of the WTO Services Division till 2001, admitted that ‘without the enormous pressure generated by the American financial services sector, particularly companies like American Express and Citicorp, there would have been no services agreement.’

The crucial role of Coalition of Service Industries (CSI) in getting the GATS agreement included in the Uruguay Round has been widely recognized.  It has also been involved in negotiations over other free trade agreements between the US and other countries. By these means it seeks to increase business opportunities for its members in foreign countries.

American ExpressCoalition of Service Industries